There are several subdivisions of reggae music including various predecessors of the genre;
1; Pre-reggae styles
Mento
Reggae grew from original musical styles such as mento, ska and rocksteady. Mento is a traditional Jamaican music based on the traditions brought to Jamaica by West African slaves who mixed with later influences such as quadrille. Mento reached its peak of popularity in the 1950s with the success of acts such as Louise Bennett, Count Lasher, Lord Flea, Laurel Aitken, and Harry Belafonte, but are sometimes confused with calypso, a similar style from Trinidad.
Ska
The war began in the 1950's, in line with Jamaica's independence from Britain. By the 1950s, musicians began to absorb the influences of R&B and jazz from the United States, leading to the development of ska. It includes elements of mento and calypso, as well as American Jazz and R&B, which were popular on Jamaican radio. This style is characterized by cutting the chord on the rhythm, sometimes called "upstrokes".
Tempo is usually high-quality and often features horns, usually trumpets, saxophones, and trombones, as well as piano and keyboard, bass, and drums. In the early 1960's, ska became the most popular form of music in Jamaica and established a rocksteady and reggae music platform. Many ska acts such as Desmond Dekker & the Aces, Bob Marley & The Wailers, Skatalites, Toots & the Maytals, Byron Lee & the Dragonaires, and Melodians, were later linked to reggae.
Rocksteady
In 1966, many ska musicians began to favor slow rhythms and rhythms, and the shape began to change into rocksteady. Ska successor and reggae predecessor, rocksteady was played by Jamaican vocal groups such as the Gaylads, Toots & Maytals, Heptones and Paragons.
2; "original reggae" (Early reggae)
can be traced back to about 1968. Influence of funk music from American record labels such as Stax began to infiltrate the music style of studio musicians and a decrease in the tempo that occurred and the development of rocksteady allowed it. musicians have more opportunities to try different styles of rhythms. One of the developments that separated the original reggae from rocksteady was the "bubble" instrument structure, a style of play that featured a small section of the eighth note inside the hall.
The guitar "skanks" on the second and fourth strings of the bars began to be replaced by a melodic pattern like a mento and a so-called double chop that could be heard loudly in Bob Marley's "Stir It Up" introduction. developed at this time. More emphasis was placed on the music stream, and there was a growing tendency to record "version" on the B side of one song. The popularity of instrumental music in the era of ska and rocksteady continued in reggae, providing some of the most memorable records of the early reggae era. The cover versions of Motown, Stax and Atlantic Records soul songs remained popular in the original reggae songs, often helping Jamaican artists gain popularity in foreign markets such as the UK.
3; Roots reggae
Roots reggae usually refers to the most recognizable genre of reggae, internationally acclaimed by artists such as Bob Marley and Peter Tosh, who dominated Jamaican records from 1972 to the early 1980s. Although there are different musical characteristics in this era of music. reggae, the word "root" often means more of a musical message than its musical style and is still often used today to refer to a musical style or sub-genre or to provide context. for artist music that can actually cover several genres of reggae. Roots reggae, in this sense, can be likened to the words rooted in the message of the Rastafarian movement "Return to Africa", the equality of colonialism and slavery and biblical slavery in Babylon, and, of course, belief in one living God, Jah . , identified as King of Ethiopia Haile Selassie. Repeated vocal themes include poverty and resistance to economic and racial oppression as well as more poetic reflections on spiritual topics or topics.
Musically, the sound of "roots" and the throne has a number of different elements. The dancers created more sophisticated dance systems based on the "one drop" of rocksteady influences and composed from funk and R&B. The arrangement of guitar, piano and keyboard in music was enhanced from the creative inventions of the early reggae era to the most recognizable systems such as reggae all over the world. Simple chord extensions were often used to create a reflective feeling to complete the sound content of the songs.This improvement of rhythm systems and simplified chord development brought the bass guitar to the forefront, helping to make bass one of the most distinctive features of reggae as a genre. Producers / engineers such as King Tubby, Lee "Scratch" Perry and Prince Jammy (before calling himself King) also contributed significantly to the development of the "roots" sound, with their heavy use of regional delays and verb effects being one of the best sounds. . recognizable elements of music. Root sound can be best identified in Jamaican records in the late 1970s by artists such as Burning Spear, Max Romeo, The Abyssinians, Culture and Israel Vibration.
4; Dub
Dub is a genre of reggae that was introduced in the early days by studio producers Lee 'Scratch' Perry and King Tubby. It involves a thorough mixing of recorded material, with special emphasis being placed on the drum line and bases. The techniques used produced the clearest sense described by King Tubby as "jus' like a volcano in yuh head." Augustus Pablo and Mikey Dread were prominent supporters of this style of music, which continues today. .
5: Rockers
The word "rockers" refers to a root reggae sound, coined in the mid-1970s by Sly & Robbie, and very popular in the late seventies. Rockers is best described as a mechanical and aggressive style of reggae dance with extensive use of synchronized dance patterns.
6; Lovers Rocks
Lovers rock is a small subsidiary of Lovers Sub Genre that originated in South London in the mid-1970s. These songs are usually about love. It’s okay, if not a continuation, for Rocksteady. Prominent Lovers rock artists include: Janet Kay, Kofi, Louisa Marks, The Investigators and Tradition.
7; Newer styles and spin-offs
A: Hip hop and rap
Kutoast is a style of talking about music, making extensive use of rhythmic soundtracks, created in the 1950s by Jamaican disc players seeking to add excitement to American R&B records played in outdoor venues, called "lawns". and dance halls. This style was developed by the founders Count Machuki, King Stitt and Sir Lord Comic who took the current style of introducing and talking about records played by sound systems and developing them into a unique style. When Ska was introduced to rocksteady, this style of sound gained a wider audience among Jamaican listeners. One of the earliest examples of this style is the Sir Lord Comic 1966 record, "The Great Wuga Wuga". This style eventually gained high popularity in charts in the late 1960s with deejay such as U-Roy and Dennis Alcapone scoring many songs. This record-speaking style could have a profound effect on a young Jamaican DJ named Kool Herc, who had moved to New York City in the late 1960's where he started feasting in the Bronx. It was Kool Herc's banquets and an event that took place around them that is generally known as the birth of hip hop and rap. Mixing techniques developed later in dub music have also influenced hip hop.
B: Dancehall
The dancehall type was developed in the late 1970s by pioneers such as Yellowman and Eek-A-Mouse. This style is characterized by deejay singing and kurap on riddims and was originally introduced in the culture of the sound system due to the growing popularity of early pioneers as Young Adults. These original deejay style was developed into a more continuous rapping pattern that had more vocals than the kurap style developed in America at this time. It is important to note that dehjay dancehall rhythm patterns developed in their piano vocals are derived from the Jamaican patois structure and expression. A key feature of the dancehall was the role of selectors (and future conductors) in the sound systems, who would frequently use sound controls on their mixers to mix riddim around rhythmic singers. The musicians took the rhythms created by this mixing technique and began to incorporate into the music they played and recorded, a style that is still known today as "mixing". An early example of this in recording would be Barrington Levy's 1984 hit, "Here I Come". Ragga (or raggamuffin) is commonly used to refer to a type of dancehall music that dates back to the 1980s whose roots are very close to these "mixed" rhythms and have almost no elements of what is known as reggae. In recording, ragga instruments are essentially composed of architects and drum machines. Sample and MIDI layout are also often used in ragga manufacturing. An obvious example of "ragga" could be Beenie Man's 1998 song, "Who Am I". Dancehall is a style and genre that was created by urban youth in Jamaica, so its theoretical content is based on the lives of the people who created it and often contains sound content considered by many Jamaicans to be extremely sexual or violent. In a word, dancehall can be described as "raw" and has often been misused in the same way as gangsta rap despite the fact that many "intelligent" artists continue to release dancehall music. In February 2009, dancehall music containing the song "considered sexual and violent" was banned from being broadcast by the Jamaica Broadcasting Commission.C; Raggamuffin
Raggamuffin, commonly abbreviated as ragga, is a small reggae genus closely associated with dancehall and dub. The word raggamuffin is an incorrect spelling of ragamuffin, and the word raggamuffin music describes Jamaican "ghetto youth" music. The instrument basically consists of electronic music. Samples often play a major role as well. As ragga matured, a growing number of dancehall artists began to use the fashion elements of hip hop music, with ragga music also influencing more hip hop artists. Ragga is now used primarily as a synonym for dancehall reggae or for describing dancehall with deejay playing chat instead of deejaying or singing over riddim.
D; Reggaeton
Reggaeton is a form of urban music that first gained popularity among South American youth in the mid-80s until the early 1990s. Reggaeton's predecessor started in Panama as a reggae artist en español El General. After the music was slowly shown in Panama, Jamaican influence and heritage in Panama eventually changed to reggaeton. It combines West-Indian reggae and dancehall with South American genres such as pipe, plena, salsa, merengue, Latin pop and bachata, as well as hip hop, contemporary R&B and electronica. The most famous Reggaeton style musician is Dj Nelson and Dj Playero.
E; Reggae fusion
Reggae fusion is a combination of reggae or dancehall with other genres, such as hip hop, R&B, jazz, rock, dance and bass, punk or polka. Although artists have been mixing reggae with other genres since the early 1970s, it was not until the late 1990s when the term was introduced.
I hope you have a good understanding of Reggae music and have found something to learn or increase your knowledge and understanding.
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